Volunteers and towers still catch small ignitions early — a human, practical layer that many agencies have let lapse.
Human observers remain a reliable detection option when cell service is spotty, and cellphone networks are disabled by power shutoffs. Many rural ridgelines and backcountry roads have little or no cellular coverage, and utilities’ preemptive outages can render personal devices useless exactly when they’re most needed.
Fire lookout towers once formed a dense statewide watch. At their peak, there were thousands of towers nationwide – and, roughly, 600 in California alone, situated to give broad, unobstructed views across forests and foothills. That system thinned over decades as budget cuts reduced staff and closed sites.